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在可變條件下使用自動控制
必須加以控制。在HVAC系統(tǒng)中
受控條件包括壓力、溫度、濕度和
流量。自動控制系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用范圍
從簡單的住宅溫度調(diào)節(jié)到的溫度調(diào)節(jié)
工業(yè)過程控制。
受控變量
自動控制要求系統(tǒng)中的
變量存在。自動控制系統(tǒng)控制
通過操縱第二個(gè)變量。第二個(gè)
變量，稱為操縱變量，導(dǎo)致
受控變量的變化。
在通過熱水盤管的空氣加熱的房間內(nèi)
例如，恒溫器測量溫度（受控
規(guī)定溫度下的室內(nèi)空氣（受控介質(zhì)）的
地方當(dāng)房間冷卻時(shí)，恒溫器操作一個(gè)閥門
調(diào)節(jié)熱水流量（操縱變量）
（控制劑）通過線圈。這樣，線圈就會
加熱以加熱室內(nèi)空氣。
控制回路，控制回路
在空調(diào)系統(tǒng)中，受控變量為
通過改變機(jī)械設(shè)備的輸出進(jìn)行維護(hù)
通過自動控制回路。控制回路包括
輸入傳感元件，如溫度傳感器；一
處理輸入信號并產(chǎn)生輸出的控制器
信號以及終控制元件，如閥門
根據(jù)輸出信號。
Automatic controls are used wherever a variable condition must be controlled. In HVAC systems, the most commonly controlled conditions are pressure, temperature, humidity, and rate of flow. Applications of automatic control systems range from simple residential temperature regulation to precision control of industrial processes. CONTROLLED VARIABLES Automatic control requires a system in which a controllable variable exists. An automatic control system controls the variable by manipulating a second variable. The second variable, called the manipulated variable, causes the necessary changes in the controlled variable. In a room heated by air moving through a hot water coil, for example, the thermostat measures the temperature (controlled variable) of the room air (controlled medium) at a specified location. As the room cools, the thermostat operates a valve that regulates the flow (manipulated variable) of hot water (control agent) through the coil. In this way, the coil furnishes heat to warm the room air. CONTROL LOOP In an air conditioning system, the controlled variable is maintained by varying the output of the mechanical equipment by means of an automatic control loop. A control loop consists of an input sensing element, such as a temperature sensor; a controller that processes the input signal and produces an output signal; and a final control element, such as a valve, that operates according to the output signal.
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