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顯熱和潛熱都對冷負荷有貢獻
一棟建筑物的。將熱量添加到
有條件的空間。當添加水分時，熱增益是潛在的
至空間（例如，通過乘員和其他
來源）。為了保持空間中的恒定濕度比，
水蒸氣的去除率必須等于
添加到空間中。
傳導是熱量在
具有不同空間溫度的相鄰空間。炎熱可能
穿過外墻和屋頂，或穿過樓板，
墻壁或天花板。太陽輻射加熱表面，然后
將熱量傳遞到周圍的空氣中。內部熱增量為
由乘員、照明和設備產生。溫暖的空氣
通過滲透和通風進入建筑物
有助于熱量增加。
建筑方向、內外遮陽、角度
和盛行風影響太陽的數量
熱量增加，這可能是主要的熱源。太陽能熱
通過窗戶接收的熱量會立即增加。區(qū)域
有大窗戶的人在冬天可能會獲得更多的陽光
而不是夏天。建筑表面吸收太陽能，成為
加熱，并將熱量傳遞到車內空氣中。的金額
復合材料各層的溫度變化
表面取決于熱流阻力和厚度
每種材料的。
乘員、照明、設備和室外空氣通風
滲透要求有助于內部熱量的增加。
例如，坐在桌子旁的成年人產生大約400 Btu的熱量
每小時。白熾燈照明產生的熱量比
熒光燈。復印機、計算機和其他辦公設備
機器也會顯著增加內部熱量。
Both sensible and latent heat contribute to the cooling load of a building. Heat gain is sensible when heat is added to the conditioned space. Heat gain is latent when moisture is added to the space (e.g., by vapor emitted by occupants and other sources). To maintain a constant humidity ratio in the space, water vapor must be removed at a rate equal to its rate of addition into the space. Conduction is the process by which heat moves between adjoining spaces with unequal space temperatures. Heat may move through exterior walls and the roof, or through floors, walls, or ceilings. Solar radiation heats surfaces which then transfer the heat to the surrounding air. Internal heat gain is generated by occupants, lighting, and equipment. Warm air entering a building by infiltration and through ventilation also contributes to heat gain. Building orientation, interior and exterior shading, the angle of the sun, and prevailing winds affect the amount of solar heat gain, which can be a major source of heat. Solar heat received through windows causes immediate heat gain. Areas with large windows may experience more solar gain in winter than in summer. Building surfaces absorb solar energy, become heated, and transfer the heat to interior air. The amount of change in temperature through each layer of a composite surface depends on the resistance to heat flow and thickness of each material. Occupants, lighting, equipment, and outdoor air ventilation and infiltration requirements contribute to internal heat gain. For example, an adult sitting at a desk produces about 400 Btu per hour. Incandescent lighting produces more heat than fluorescent lighting. Copiers, computers, and other office machines also contribute significantly to internal heat gain.
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