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一般建筑熱損失主要通過傳輸、滲透/滲出和通風發(fā)生（圖3）。屋頂變速器20°F通風管滲漏門窗盛行風滲透70°F C2701圖3。建筑物的熱量損失。建筑物所需的加熱能力取決于設(shè)計溫度、使用的室外空氣量和居住者的體力活動。盛行風影響熱損失率和滲透程度。加熱系統(tǒng)的尺寸必須能夠在建筑物可能經(jīng)歷的冷室外溫度（室外設(shè)計溫度）下加熱建筑物。傳輸是能量通過外表面進入或離開空間的過程。通過從室內(nèi)溫度中減去室外溫度并將結(jié)果乘以表面材料的傳熱系數(shù)，計算能量傳輸速率。傳輸速率隨外表面的厚度和結(jié)構(gòu)而變化，但對所有外表面的計算方式相同：單位面積和單位時間的能量傳輸=（TIN-TOUT）x HTC，其中：TIN=室內(nèi)溫度TOUT=室外溫度HTC=傳熱系數(shù)=Btu單位時間x單位面積x單位溫度
GENERAL Building heat loss occurs mainly through transmission, infiltration/exfiltration, and ventilation (Fig. 3). ROOF TRANSMISSION 20°F VENTILATION DUCT EXFILTRATION DOOR WINDOW PREVAILING WINDS INFILTRATION 70°F C2701 Fig. 3. Heat Loss from a Building. The heating capacity required for a building depends on the design temperature, the quantity of outdoor air used, and the physical activity of the occupants. Prevailing winds affect the rate of heat loss and the degree of infiltration. The heating system must be sized to heat the building at the coldest outdoor temperature the building is likely to experience (outdoor design temperature). Transmission is the process by which energy enters or leaves a space through exterior surfaces. The rate of energy transmission is calculated by subtracting the outdoor temperature from the indoor temperature and multiplying the result by the heat transfer coefficient of the surface materials. The rate of transmission varies with the thickness and construction of the exterior surfaces but is calculated the same way for all exterior surfaces: Energy Transmission per Unit Area and Unit Time = (TIN - TOUT) x HTC Where: TIN = indoor temperature TOUT = outdoor temperature HTC = heat transfer coefficient = Btu Unit Time x Unit Area x Unit Temperatur
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